Genesis 12:7

12:7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants ¹  I will give this land.” So Abram ²  built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.

Genesis 13:15

13:15 I will give all the land that you see to you and your descendants ³  forever.

Genesis 17:8

17:8 I will give the whole land of Canaan – the land where you are now residing ⁴  – to you and your descendants after you as a permanent ⁵  possession. I will be their God.”

Genesis 26:4

26:4 I will multiply your descendants so they will be as numerous as the stars in the sky, and I will give them ⁶  all these lands. All the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants. ⁷ 

Genesis 28:4

28:4 May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham ⁸  so that you may possess the land ⁹  God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.” ¹⁰ 

Genesis 28:13-14

28:13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. ¹¹  I will give you and your descendants the ground ¹²  you are lying on. 28:14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, ¹³  and you will spread out ¹⁴  to the west, east, north, and south. All the families of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another ¹⁵  using your name and that of your descendants. ¹⁶ 

Genesis 35:12

35:12 The land I gave ¹⁷  to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you. To your descendants ¹⁸  I will also give this land.”

Genesis 50:24

50:24 Then Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die. But God will surely come to you ¹⁹  and lead you up from this land to the land he swore on oath to give ²⁰  to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.”

Exodus 3:8

3:8 I have come down ²¹  to deliver them ²²  from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up from that land to a land that is both good and spacious, ²³  to a land flowing with milk and honey, ²⁴  to the region of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. ²⁵ 

Exodus 6:4

6:4 I also established my covenant with them ²⁶  to give them the land of Canaan, where they were living as resident foreigners. ²⁷ 

Exodus 23:23

23:23 For my angel will go before you and bring you to the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, and I will destroy them completely. ²⁸ 

Exodus 23:27-31

23:27 “I will send my terror ²⁹  before you, and I will destroy ³⁰  all the people whom you encounter; I will make all your enemies turn their backs ³¹  to you. 23:28 I will send ³²  hornets before you that will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite before you. 23:29 I will not drive them out before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the wild animals ³³  multiply against you. 23:30 Little by little ³⁴  I will drive them out before you, until you become fruitful and inherit the land. 23:31 I will set ³⁵  your boundaries from the Red Sea to the sea of the Philistines, and from the desert to the River, ³⁶  for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you will drive them out before you.

Exodus 34:11

34:11 “Obey ³⁷  what I am commanding you this day. I am going to drive out ³⁸  before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

Numbers 34:3

34:3 your southern border ³⁹  will extend from the wilderness of Zin along the Edomite border, and your southern border will run eastward to the extremity of the Salt Sea,

Deuteronomy 1:7-8

1:7 Get up now, ⁴⁰  resume your journey, heading for ⁴¹  the Amorite hill country, to all its areas ⁴²  including the arid country, ⁴³  the highlands, the Shephelah, ⁴⁴  the Negev, ⁴⁵  and the coastal plain – all of Canaan and Lebanon as far as the Great River, that is, the Euphrates. 1:8 Look! I have already given the land to you. ⁴⁶  Go, occupy the territory that I, ⁴⁷  the Lord, promised ⁴⁸  to give to your ancestors ⁴⁹  Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and to their descendants.” ⁵⁰ 

Deuteronomy 7:1

The Dispossession of Nonvassals

7:1 When the Lord your God brings you to the land that you are going to occupy and forces out many nations before you – Hittites, ⁵¹  Girgashites, ⁵²  Amorites, ⁵³  Canaanites, ⁵⁴  Perizzites, ⁵⁵  Hivites, ⁵⁶  and Jebusites, ⁵⁷  seven ⁵⁸  nations more numerous and powerful than you –

Deuteronomy 11:24

11:24 Every place you set your foot ⁵⁹  will be yours; your border will extend from the desert to Lebanon and from the River (that is, the Euphrates) as far as the Mediterranean Sea. ⁶⁰ 

Deuteronomy 34:4

34:4 Then the Lord said to him, “This is the land I promised to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob when I said, ‘I will give it to your descendants.’ ⁶¹  I have let you see it, ⁶²  but you will not cross over there.”

Joshua 1:3-4

1:3 I am handing over to you every place you set foot, as I promised Moses. ⁶³  1:4 Your territory will extend from the wilderness in the south to Lebanon in the north. It will extend all the way to the great River Euphrates in the east (including all of Syria) ⁶⁴  and all the way to the Mediterranean Sea ⁶⁵  in the west. ⁶⁶ 

Joshua 12:1-20

12:1 Now these are the kings of the land whom the Israelites defeated and drove from their land ⁶⁷  on the east side of the Jordan, ⁶⁸  from the Arnon Valley to Mount Hermon, including all the eastern Arabah:

12:2 King Sihon of the Amorites who lived ⁶⁹  in Heshbon and ruled from Aroer (on the edge of the Arnon Valley) – including the city in the middle of the valley ⁷⁰  and half of Gilead – all the way to the Jabbok Valley bordering Ammonite territory. 12:3 His kingdom included ⁷¹  the eastern Arabah from the Sea of Kinnereth ⁷²  to the Sea of the Arabah (the Salt Sea), ⁷³  including the route to Beth Jeshimoth and the area southward below the slopes of Pisgah.

12:4 The territory of King Og of Bashan, one of the few remaining Rephaites, ⁷⁴  who lived ⁷⁵  in Ashtaroth and Edrei 12:5 and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salecah, all of Bashan to the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and half of Gilead as far as the border of King Sihon of Heshbon.

12:6 Moses the Lord’s servant and the Israelites defeated them and Moses the Lord’s servant assigned their land ⁷⁶  to Reuben, Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh.

12:7 These are the kings of the land whom Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west side of the Jordan, from Baal Gad in the Lebanon Valley to Mount Halak on up to Seir. Joshua assigned this territory to the Israelite tribes, ⁷⁷  12:8 including the hill country, the lowlands, ⁷⁸  the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev – the land of ⁷⁹  the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites:

12:9 the king of Jericho ⁸⁰  (one),

the king of Ai – located near Bethel – (one),

12:10 the king of Jerusalem ⁸¹  (one),

the king of Hebron (one),

12:11 the king of Jarmuth (one),

the king of Lachish (one),

12:12 the king of Eglon (one),

the king of Gezer (one),

12:13 the king of Debir (one),

the king of Geder (one),

12:14 the king of Hormah (one),

the king of Arad (one),

12:15 the king of Libnah (one),

the king of Adullam (one),

12:16 the king of Makkedah (one),

the king of Bethel ⁸²  (one),

12:17 the king of Tappuah (one),

the king of Hepher (one),

12:18 the king of Aphek (one),

the king of Lasharon (one),

12:19 the king of Madon (one),

the king of Hazor ⁸³  (one),

12:20 the king of Shimron Meron (one),

the king of Acshaph (one),

Joshua 19:1-38

Simeon’s Tribal Lands

19:1 The second lot belonged to the tribe of Simeon by its clans. ⁸⁴  19:2 Their assigned land included ⁸⁵  Beer Sheba, ⁸⁶  Moladah, 19:3 Hazar Shual, Balah, Ezem, 19:4 Eltolad, Bethul, Hormah, 19:5 Ziklag, Beth Marcaboth, Hazar Susah, 19:6 Beth Lebaoth, and Sharuhen – a total of thirteen cities and their towns, 19:7 Ain, Rimmon, Ether, and Ashan – a total of four cities and their towns, 19:8 as well as all the towns around these cities as far as Baalath Beer (Ramah of the Negev). This was the land assigned to the tribe of Simeon by its clans. ⁸⁷  19:9 Simeon’s assigned land was taken from Judah’s allotted portion, for Judah’s territory was too large for them; so Simeon was assigned land within Judah. ⁸⁸ 

Zebulun’s Tribal Lands

19:10 The third lot belonged to the tribe of Zebulun ⁸⁹  by its clans. The border of their territory ⁹⁰  extended to Sarid. 19:11 Their border went up westward to Maralah and touched Dabbesheth and the valley near ⁹¹  Jokneam. 19:12 From Sarid it turned eastward ⁹²  to the territory of Kisloth Tabor, extended to Daberath, and went up to Japhia. 19:13 From there it crossed eastward to Gath Hepher and Eth Kazin and extended to Rimmon, turning toward Neah. 19:14 It then turned on the north to Hannathon and ended at the Valley of Iphtah El. 19:15 Their territory included Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem; ⁹³  in all they had twelve cities and their towns. ⁹⁴  19:16 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Zebulun ⁹⁵  by its clans, including these cities and their towns.

Issachar’s Tribal Lands

19:17 The fourth lot belonged to the tribe of Issachar ⁹⁶  by its clans. 19:18 Their assigned land ⁹⁷  included Jezreel, Kesulloth, Shunem, 19:19 Hapharaim, Shion, Anaharath, 19:20 Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez, 19:21 Remeth, En Gannim, En Haddah and Beth Pazzez. 19:22 Their border touched Tabor, Shahazumah, and Beth Shemesh, and ended at the Jordan. They had sixteen cities and their towns. 19:23 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Issachar ⁹⁸  by its clans, including the cities and their towns.

Asher’s Tribal Lands

19:24 The fifth lot belonged to the tribe of Asher ⁹⁹  by its clans. 19:25 Their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Acshaph, 19:26 Alammelech, Amad, and Mishal. Their border touched Carmel to the west and Shihor Libnath. 19:27 It turned eastward toward Beth Dagon, touched Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah El to the north, as well as the Valley of Emek and Neiel, and extended to Cabul on the north ¹⁰⁰  19:28 and on to Ebron, ¹⁰¹  Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon. ¹⁰²  19:29 It then turned toward Ramah as far as the fortified city of Tyre, ¹⁰³  turned to Hosah, and ended at the sea near Hebel, Aczib, 19:30 Umah, Aphek, and Rehob. In all they had ¹⁰⁴  twenty-two cities and their towns. 19:31 This was the land assigned to the tribe of Asher ¹⁰⁵  by its clans, including these cities and their towns.

Naphtali’s Tribal Lands

19:32 The sixth lot belonged to the tribe of Naphtali ¹⁰⁶  by its clans. 19:33 Their border started at Heleph and the oak of Zaanannim, went to Adami Nekeb, Jabneel and on to Lakkum, ¹⁰⁷  and ended at the Jordan River. ¹⁰⁸  19:34 It turned westward to Aznoth Tabor, extended from there to Hukok, touched Zebulun on the south, Asher on the west, and the Jordan ¹⁰⁹  on the east. 19:35 The fortified cities included Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Kinnereth, 19:36 Adamah, Ramah, Hazor, ¹¹⁰  19:37 Kedesh, Edrei, En Hazor, 19:38 Yiron, ¹¹¹  Migdal El, Horem, Beth Anath, and Beth Shemesh. In all they had ¹¹²  nineteen cities and their towns.

Joshua 19:1

Simeon’s Tribal Lands

19:1 The second lot belonged to the tribe of Simeon by its clans. ¹¹³ 

Joshua 4:21

4:21 He told the Israelites, “When your children someday ask their fathers, ‘What do these stones represent?’ ¹¹⁴ 

Joshua 4:2

4:2 “Select for yourselves twelve men from the people, one per tribe.

Joshua 9:26

9:26 Joshua did as they said; he kept the Israelites from killing them ¹¹⁵ 

Nehemiah 9:8

9:8 When you perceived that his heart was faithful toward you, you established a ¹¹⁶  covenant with him to give his descendants ¹¹⁷  the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, and the Girgashites. You have fulfilled your promise, ¹¹⁸  for you are righteous.

Psalms 105:11

105:11 saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan

as the portion of your inheritance.”

[12:7]  ¹ tn The same Hebrew term זֶרַע (zera’) may mean “seed” (for planting), “offspring” (occasionally of animals, but usually of people), or “descendants” depending on the context.

[12:7]  ² tn Heb “he”; the referent (Abram) has been supplied in the translation for clarification.

[13:15]  ³ tn Heb “for all the land which you see to you I will give it and to your descendants.”

[17:8]  ⁴ tn The verbal root is גּוּר (gur, “to sojourn, to reside temporarily,” i.e., as a resident alien). It is the land in which Abram resides, but does not yet possess as his very own.

[17:8]  ⁵ tn Or “as an eternal.”

[26:4]  ⁶ tn Heb “your descendants.”

[26:4]  ⁷ tn Traditionally the verb is taken as passive (“will be blessed”) here, as if Abraham’s descendants were going to be a channel or source of blessing to the nations. But the Hitpael is better understood here as reflexive/reciprocal, “will bless [i.e., pronounce blessings on] themselves/one another” (see also Gen 22:18). Elsewhere the Hitpael of the verb “to bless” is used with a reflexive/reciprocal sense in Deut 29:18; Ps 72:17; Isa 65:16; Jer 4:2. Gen 12:2 predicts that Abram will be held up as a paradigm of divine blessing and that people will use his name in their blessing formulae. For examples of blessing formulae utilizing an individual as an example of blessing see Gen 48:20 and Ruth 4:11. Earlier formulations of this promise (see Gen 12:2; 18:18) use the Niphal stem. (See also Gen 28:14.)

[28:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “and may he give to you the blessing of Abraham, to you and to your offspring with you.” The name “Abraham” is an objective genitive here; this refers to the blessing that God gave to Abraham.

[28:4]  ⁹ tn The words “the land” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.

[28:4]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “the land of your sojournings,” that is, the land where Jacob had been living as a resident alien, as his future descendants would after him.

[28:13]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac.” The Hebrew word for “father” can typically be used in a broader sense than the English word, in this case referring to Abraham (who was Jacob’s grandfather). For stylistic reasons and for clarity, the words “your father” are supplied with “Isaac” in the translation.

[28:13]  ¹² tn The Hebrew term אֶרֶץ (’erets) can mean “[the] earth,” “land,” “region,” “piece of ground,” or “ground” depending on the context. Here the term specifically refers to the plot of ground on which Jacob was lying, but at the same time this stands by metonymy for the entire land of Canaan.

[28:14]  ¹³ tn This is the same Hebrew word translated “ground” in the preceding verse.

[28:14]  ¹⁴ tn The verb is singular in the Hebrew; Jacob is addressed as the representative of his descendants.

[28:14]  ¹⁵ tn Theoretically the Niphal stem can be translated either as passive or reflexive/reciprocal. (The Niphal of “bless” is only used in formulations of the Abrahamic covenant. See Gen 12:2; 18:18; 28:14.) Traditionally the verb is taken as passive here, as if Jacob were going to be a channel or source of blessing. But in other formulations of the Abrahamic covenant (see Gen 22:18; 26:4) the Hitpael replaces this Niphal form, suggesting a translation “will bless (i.e., pronounce blessings upon) themselves/one another.” The Hitpael of “bless” is used with a reflexive/reciprocal sense in Deut 29:18; Ps 72:17; Isa 65:16; Jer 4:2. Gen 28:14 predicts that Jacob will be held up as a paradigm of divine blessing and that people will use his name in their blessing formulae (see Gen 12:2 and 18:18 as well, where Abram/Abraham receives this promise). For examples of blessing formulae utilizing an individual as an example of blessing see Gen 48:20 and Ruth 4:11.

[28:14]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “and they will pronounce blessings by you, all the families of the earth, and by your offspring.”

[35:12]  ¹⁷ tn The Hebrew verb translated “gave” refers to the Abrahamic promise of the land. However, the actual possession of that land lay in the future. The decree of the Lord made it certain; but it has the sense “promised to give.”

[35:12]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “and to your offspring after you.”

[50:24]  ¹⁹ tn The verb פָּקַד (paqad) means “to visit,” i.e., to intervene for blessing or cursing; here Joseph announces that God would come to fulfill the promises by delivering them from Egypt. The statement is emphasized by the use of the infinitive absolute with the verb: “God will surely visit you.”

[50:24]  ²⁰ tn The words “to give” are supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

[3:8]  ²¹ sn God’s coming down is a frequent anthropomorphism in Genesis and Exodus. It expresses his direct involvement, often in the exercise of judgment.

[3:8]  ²² tn The Hiphil infinitive with the suffix is לְהַצִּילוֹ (lÿhatsilo, “to deliver them”). It expresses the purpose of God’s coming down. The verb itself is used for delivering or rescuing in the general sense, and snatching out of danger for the specific.

[3:8]  ²³ tn Heb “to a land good and large”; NRSV “to a good and broad land.” In the translation the words “that is both” are supplied because in contemporary English “good and” combined with any additional descriptive term can be understood as elative (“good and large” = “very large”; “good and spacious” = “very spacious”; “good and ready” = “very ready”). The point made in the Hebrew text is that the land to which they are going is both good (in terms of quality) and large (in terms of size).

[3:8]  ²⁴ tn This vibrant description of the promised land is a familiar one. Gesenius classifies “milk and honey” as epexegetical genitives because they provide more precise description following a verbal adjective in the construct state (GKC 418-19 §128.x). The land is modified by “flowing,” and “flowing” is explained by the genitives “milk and honey.” These two products will be in abundance in the land, and they therefore exemplify what a desirable land it is. The language is hyperbolic, as if the land were streaming with these products.

[3:8]  ²⁵ tn Each people group is joined to the preceding by the vav conjunction, “and.” Each also has the definite article, as in other similar lists (3:17; 13:5; 34:11). To repeat the conjunction and article in the translation seems to put more weight on the list in English than is necessary to its function in identifying what land God was giving the Israelites.

[6:4]  ²⁶ tn The statement refers to the making of the covenant with Abraham (Gen 15 and following) and confirming it with the other patriarchs. The verb הֲקִמֹתִי (haqimoti) means “set up, establish, give effect to, conclude” a covenant agreement. The covenant promised the patriarchs a great nation, a land – Canaan, and divine blessing. They lived with those promises, but now their descendants were in bondage in Egypt. God’s reference to the covenant here is meant to show the new revelation through redemption will start to fulfill the promises and show what the reality of the name Yahweh is to them.

[6:4]  ²⁷ tn Heb “the land of their sojournings.” The noun מְגֻרִים (mÿgurim) is a reminder that the patriarchs did not receive the promises. It is also an indication that those living in the age of promise did not experience the full meaning of the name of the covenant God. The “land of their sojournings” is the land of Canaan where the family lived (גּרוּ, garu) as foreigners, without owning property or having the rights of kinship with the surrounding population.

[23:23]  ²⁸ tn Heb “will cut them off” (so KJV, ASV).

[23:27]  ²⁹ tn The word for “terror” is אֵימָתִי (’emati); the word has the thought of “panic” or “dread.” God would make the nations panic as they heard of the exploits and knew the Israelites were drawing near. U. Cassuto thinks the reference to “hornets” in v. 28 may be a reference to this fear, an unreasoning dread, rather than to another insect invasion (Exodus, 308). Others suggest it is symbolic of an invading army or a country like Egypt or literal insects (see E. Neufeld, “Insects as Warfare Agents in the Ancient Near East,” Or 49 [1980]: 30-57).

[23:27]  ³⁰ tn Heb “kill.”

[23:27]  ³¹ tn The text has “and I will give all your enemies to you [as] a back.” The verb of making takes two accusatives, the second being the adverbial accusative of product (see GKC 371-72 §117.ii, n. 1).

[23:28]  ³² tn Heb “and I will send.”

[23:29]  ³³ tn Heb “the beast of the field.”

[23:30]  ³⁴ tn The repetition expresses an exceptional or super-fine quality (see GKC 396 §123.e).

[23:31]  ³⁵ tn The form is a perfect tense with vav consecutive.

[23:31]  ³⁶ tn In the Hebrew Bible “the River” usually refers to the Euphrates (cf. NASB, NCV, NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT). There is some thought that it refers to a river Nahr el Kebir between Lebanon and Syria. See further W. C. Kaiser, Jr., “Exodus,” EBC 2:447; and G. W. Buchanan, The Consequences of the Covenant (NovTSup), 91-100.

[34:11]  ³⁷ tn The covenant duties begin with this command to “keep well” what is being commanded. The Hebrew expression is “keep for you”; the preposition and the suffix form the ethical dative, adding strength to the imperative.

[34:11]  ³⁸ tn Again, this is the futur instans use of the participle.

[34:3]  ³⁹ tn The expression refers to the corner or extremity of the Negev, the South.

[1:7]  ⁴⁰ tn Heb “turn”; NAB “Leave here”; NIV, TEV “Break camp.”

[1:7]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “go (to).”

[1:7]  ⁴² tn Heb “its dwelling places.”

[1:7]  ⁴³ tn Heb “the Arabah” (so ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV).

[1:7]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “lowlands” (so TEV) or “steppes”; NIV, CEV, NLT “the western foothills.”

[1:7]  ⁴⁵ sn The Hebrew term Negev means literally “desert” or “south” (so KJV, ASV). It refers to the area south of Beer Sheba and generally west of the Arabah Valley between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba.

[1:8]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “I have placed before you the land.”

[1:8]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “the Lord.” Since the Lord is speaking, it is preferable for clarity to supply the first person pronoun in the translation.

[1:8]  ⁴⁸ tn Heb “swore” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). This refers to God’s promise, made by solemn oath, to give the patriarchs the land.

[1:8]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “fathers” (also in vv. 11, 21, 35).

[1:8]  ⁵⁰ tn Heb “their seed after them.”

[7:1]  ⁵¹ sn Hittites. The center of Hittite power was in Anatolia (central modern Turkey). In the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 b.c.) they were at their zenith, establishing outposts and colonies near and far. Some elements were obviously in Canaan at the time of the Conquest (1400-1350 b.c.).

[7:1]  ⁵² sn Girgashites. These cannot be ethnically identified and are unknown outside the OT. They usually appear in such lists only when the intention is to have seven groups in all (see also the note on the word “seven” later in this verse).

[7:1]  ⁵³ sn Amorites. Originally from the upper Euphrates region (Amurru), the Amorites appear to have migrated into Canaan beginning in 2200 b.c. or thereabouts.

[7:1]  ⁵⁴ sn Canaanites. These were the indigenous peoples of the land, going back to the beginning of recorded history (ca. 3000 b.c.). The OT identifies them as descendants of Ham (Gen 10:6), the only Hamites to have settled north and east of Egypt.

[7:1]  ⁵⁵ sn Perizzites. This is probably a subgroup of Canaanites (Gen 13:7; 34:30).

[7:1]  ⁵⁶ sn Hivites. These are usually thought to be the same as the Hurrians, a people well-known in ancient Near Eastern texts. They are likely identical to the Horites (see note on the term “Horites” in Deut 2:12).

[7:1]  ⁵⁷ sn Jebusites. These inhabited the hill country, particularly in and about Jerusalem (cf. Num 13:29; Josh 15:8; 2 Sam 5:6; 24:16).

[7:1]  ⁵⁸ sn Seven. This is an ideal number in the OT, one symbolizing fullness or completeness. Therefore, the intent of the text here is not to be precise and list all of Israel’s enemies but simply to state that Israel will have a full complement of foes to deal with. For other lists of Canaanites, some with fewer than seven peoples, see Exod 3:8; 13:5; 23:23, 28; 33:2; 34:11; Deut 20:17; Josh 3:10; 9:1; 24:11. Moreover, the “Table of Nations” (Gen 10:15-19) suggests that all of these (possibly excepting the Perizzites) were offspring of Canaan and therefore Canaanites.

[11:24]  ⁵⁹ tn Heb “the sole of your foot walks.” The placing of the foot symbolizes conquest and dominion, especially on land or on the necks of enemies (cf. Deut 1:36; Ps 7:13; Isa 63:3 Hab 3:19; Zech 9:13). See E. H. Merrill, NIDOTTE 1:992.

[11:24]  ⁶⁰ tn Heb “the after sea,” that is, the sea behind one when one is facing east, which is the normal OT orientation. Cf. ASV “the hinder sea.”

[34:4]  ⁶¹ tn Heb “seed” (so KJV, ASV).

[34:4]  ⁶² tn The Hebrew text includes “with your eyes,” but this is redundant in English and is left untranslated.

[1:3]  ⁶³ tn Heb “Every place on which the sole of your foot walks, to you I have given it, as I said to Moses.” The second person pronouns in vv. 3-4 are plural, indicating that all the people are addressed here. The verbal form נְתַתִּיו (nÿtattiv, “I have given it”) is probably a perfect of certitude, emphasizing the certainty of the action. Another option is to translate, “I have already assigned it.” In this case the verb would probably refer to the Lord’s decree to Abraham that he would give this land to his descendants.

[1:4]  ⁶⁴ tn Heb “all the land of the Hittites.” The expression “the land of the Hittites” does not refer to Anatolia (modern Turkey), where the ancient Hittite kingdom of the second millennium b.c. was located, but rather to Syria, the “Hatti land” mentioned in inscriptions of the first millennium b.c. (see HALOT 1:363). The phrase is omitted in the LXX and may be a scribal addition.

[1:4]  ⁶⁵ tn Heb “the Great Sea,” the typical designation for the Mediterranean Sea.

[1:4]  ⁶⁶ tn Heb “From the wilderness and this Lebanon even to the great river, the River Euphrates, all the land of the Hittites, even to the great sea [at] the place where the sun sets, your territory will be.”

[12:1]  ⁶⁷ tn Heb “and took possession of their land.”

[12:1]  ⁶⁸ tn Heb “beyond the Jordan, toward the rising of the sun.”

[12:2]  ⁶⁹ tn Or perhaps, “reigned.”

[12:2]  ⁷⁰ tc The MT reads here, “and the middle of the valley,” but the reading “the city in the middle of valley” can be reconstructed on the basis of Josh 13:9, 16.

[12:3]  ⁷¹ tn The words “his kingdom included” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[12:3]  ⁷² sn The Sea of Kinnereth is another name for the Sea of Galilee. See the note on the word “Kinnereth” in 11:2.

[12:3]  ⁷³ sn The Salt Sea is another name for the Dead Sea.

[12:4]  ⁷⁴ tn Heb “from the remnant of the Rephaites.”

[12:4]  ⁷⁵ tn Or perhaps “who reigned.”

[12:6]  ⁷⁶ tn Heb “gave it for a possession.”

[12:7]  ⁷⁷ tn Heb “Joshua gave it to the tribes of Israel as a possession according to their allotted portions.”

[12:8]  ⁷⁸ tn Or “the foothills”; Heb “the Shephelah.”

[12:8]  ⁷⁹ tn The words “the land of” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[12:9]  ⁸⁰ map For location see Map5 B2; Map6 E1; Map7 E1; Map8 E3; Map10 A2; Map11 A1.

[12:10]  ⁸¹ map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.

[12:16]  ⁸² map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[12:19]  ⁸³ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[19:1]  ⁸⁴ tn Heb “and the second lot came out for Simeon, for the tribe of the sons of Simeon by their clans.”

[19:2]  ⁸⁵ tn Heb “and they had in their inheritance.”

[19:2]  ⁸⁶ tc The MT has “and Sheba” listed after “Beer Sheba.” The LXX suggests “Shema.” The Hebrew text appears to be corrupt, since the form “Sheba” duplicates the latter part of the preceding name. If Sheba (or Shema) is retained, the list numbers fourteen, one more than the number given in the concluding summary (v. 6).

[19:8]  ⁸⁷ tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Simeon.”

[19:9]  ⁸⁸ tn Heb “from the portion of the sons of Judah was the inheritance of the sons of Simeon for the portion of the sons of Judah was too large for them, and the sons of Simeon received an inheritance in the midst of their inheritance.”

[19:10]  ⁸⁹ tn Heb “and the third lot came up for the sons of Zebulun.”

[19:10]  ⁹⁰ tn Or “inheritance.”

[19:11]  ⁹¹ tn Heb “in front of”; perhaps “east of.”

[19:12]  ⁹² tn Heb “eastward toward the rising of the sun.”

[19:15]  ⁹³ map For location see Map5 B1; Map7 E2; Map8 E2; Map10 B4.

[19:15]  ⁹⁴ tn Heb “Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem, twelve cities and their towns.” The words “their territory included” and “in all they had” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[19:16]  ⁹⁵ tn Heb “this is the inheritance of the sons of Zebulun.”

[19:17]  ⁹⁶ tn Heb “the fourth lot came out for the sons of Issachar.”

[19:18]  ⁹⁷ tn Or “their inheritance.”

[19:23]  ⁹⁸ tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Issachar.”

[19:24]  ⁹⁹ tn Heb “and the fifth lot came out for the tribe of the sons of Asher.”

[19:27]  ¹⁰⁰ tn Heb “left.”

[19:28]  ¹⁰¹ tc Some Hebrew mss read “Abdon.”

[19:28]  ¹⁰² map For location see Map1 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[19:29]  ¹⁰³ map For location see Map1 A2; Map2 G2; Map4 A1; JP3 F3; JP4 F3.

[19:30]  ¹⁰⁴ tn The words “in all they had” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[19:31]  ¹⁰⁵ tn Heb “this was the inheritance of the tribe of the sons of Asher.”

[19:32]  ¹⁰⁶ tn Heb “the sixth lot came out for the sons of Naphtali, for the sons of Naphtali.”

[19:33]  ¹⁰⁷ tn Heb “and their border was from Heleph, from the oak of Zaanannim, and Adami Nekeb, and Jabneel to Lakkum.”

[19:33]  ¹⁰⁸ tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied for clarity.

[19:34]  ¹⁰⁹ tc The MT reads “Judah, the Jordan”; the LXX omits “Judah.” Perhaps there was a town named Judah, distinct from the tribe of Judah, located near the northern end of the Jordan.

[19:36]  ¹¹⁰ map For location see Map1 D2; Map2 D3; Map3 A2; Map4 C1.

[19:38]  ¹¹¹ sn Instead of Yiron some English translations read Iron.

[19:38]  ¹¹² tn The words “in all they had” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

[19:1]  ¹¹³ tn Heb “and the second lot came out for Simeon, for the tribe of the sons of Simeon by their clans.”

[4:21]  ¹¹⁴ tn Heb “What are these stones?”

[9:26]  ¹¹⁵ tn Heb “And he did to them so and he rescued them from the hand of the sons of Israel and they did not kill them.”

[9:8]  ¹¹⁶ tn Heb “the” (so NAB).

[9:8]  ¹¹⁷ tn Heb “seed.”

[9:8]  ¹¹⁸ tn Heb “your words.”